Fig. 5

Sap transmission of ToBRFV particles produced in tomato plants infected with the infectious clone of ToBRFV. a Symptom of N. benthamiana plant mechanically inoculated with crude sap extracted from systemic leaves of tomato plants agroinoculated with the ToBRFV infectious clone at 7 dpi. b RT-PCR detection of ToBRFV RNA accumulation in systemic leaves of mechanically inoculated N. benthamiana plants using ToBRFV-specific primers. Lane M, GeneRuler 1 kb DNA ladders (Thermo); lanes 1–3, samples mock-inoculated with PBS buffer; lanes 4–7, samples collected from systemic leaves of mechanically inoculated N. benthamiana plants; lane 8, ddH2O (negative control)