Fig. 3

RNAi-based bio-fungicides for Botrytis cinerea control in roses. a Application of RNAi construct. In the initial step, the RNAi-based bio-fungicide, designed to target Botrytis cinerea, is applied to the rose plants using a hand sprayer. The construct contains double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules tailored to disrupt specific gene expression in the pathogen. b Absorption and mRNA degradation. Upon application, B. cinerea absorbs the dsRNA from the RNAi construct. Inside the fungal cells, the dsRNA is processed, leading to the degradation of target messenger RNA (mRNA). This interference disrupts vital gene expression in the pathogen, hindering its ability to cause infection. c Reduction of disease. The culmination of the RNAi mechanism results in a significant reduction in B. cinerea-induced disease symptoms. This innovative approach offers an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for controlling Botrytis cinerea in roses, showcasing the potential of RNAi-based bio-fungicides in sustainable plant disease management