Fig. 4

Specificity and advantages of RNAi-based bio-fungicides in Botrytis cinerea management. This figure elucidates RNAi-based bio-fungicides’ specificity and key advantages in mitigating Botrytis cinerea, a common pathogen affecting roses. a Precision targeting of Botrytis cinerea. The designed RNA molecules specifically target crucial genes in the pathogen, ensuring minimal impact on non-target organisms. b Reduced environmental impact in rose cultivation. Compared to traditional chemical fungicides, these bio-fungicides offer a more sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. The targeted nature of RNA interference minimizes the ecological footprint, contributing to a healthier and more balanced rose-growing ecosystem. c Resistance management strategies against Botrytis cinerea. The targeted mode of action reduces the likelihood of B. cinerea developing resistance. This property enhances the long-term sustainability of RNAi-based bio-fungicides as a reliable tool in integrated pest management programs for roses. d Promotion of enhanced rose health. By suppressing B. cinerea, these bio-fungicides contribute to improved rose vigor, flower quality, and overall plant health, fostering resilient and productive rose cultivation. e General advantages. RNAi-based bio-fungicides offer general advantages such as cost-effectiveness and ease of use, making them a practical and accessible solution for rose growers