Fig. 7
From: The MAP4 kinase NbM4K3 regulates immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana
NbM4K3 positively regulates ETI induced by R. solanacearum GMI1000. a Phenotype of HR induced by GMI1000 (OD600=0.05) at 3 dpi. b Cell death is evaluated by the degree of ion leakage. The degree of ion leakage from the leaf discs was measured 2 days after infiltration using a conductivity meter. Data are means ± SD (n=3). c H2O2 accumulation at 1 dpi by DAB staining in a. d Expression levels of NbHIN1 and NbHsr203J induced by GMI1000. Data are mean ± SD (n=3). e HR induced by avirulent effectors RipP1 and RipE1 at 3 dpi. LTI6b was used as a negative control. GV3101 cells containing pER8-effector or LTI6b with an OD600 of 0.4 were infiltrated into the leaves. The estradiol was applied to the leaves 24 h after agroinfiltration. The leaves were photographed at 3 d after estradiol treatment. Circles indicate the infiltrated area. The fraction represents the number of HR over the total number of the infiltrated leaves. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. The statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, with ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 indicating significance