Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens

Haider, Mohammad Waris; Sharma, Arpana; Majumdar, Anik; Fayaz, Falak; Bromand, Ferdaws; Rani, Upasana; Singh, Vaibhav Kumar; Saharan, Mahender Singh; Tiwari, Rahul Kumar; Lal, Milan Kumar; Kumar, Ravinder

doi:10.1186/s42483-024-00286-1

Phytopathology Research

Table 4 Classification of phytoplasmas based on RFLP analyses and/or sequencing of 16S rRNA

From: Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens

16Sr group	Disease name	Candidatus sp.	References
16SrI	Aster yellows and Sugarcane grassy shoot	Ca Phytoplasma asteri, Ca P. sacchari and Ca. Phytoplasma tritici	Bai et al. (2006); Zhao and Davis (2021)
16SrII	Lime witches broom, Brinjal little leaf, and tomato big bud	Ca. P. aurantifolia, Ca. P. trifolii, Ca. P. Australasia	Gundersen et al. (1994)
	Glycine max witches broom, yellowing, phyllody	Ca. Phytoplasma fabacearum	Rodrigues et al. (2024)
16SrIII	Peach X-disease	Ca. P. pruni	Davis et al. (2013)
16SrIV	Coconut lethal yellowing	Ca. P. cynodontis Ca. Phytoplasma cocostanzaniae	Harrison et al. (2002); Bertaccini et al. (2022)
16SrV	Elm yellows	Ca. P. ulmi	Lee et al. (2004a)
16SrVI	Clover proliferation	Ca.s P. trifolii	Lee et al. (2004b) Hiruki and Wang (2004)
	Soybean stunt, floral bud distortion syndrome (FBD)		Jaiswal et al. (2019); Zamharir et al. (2022)
16SrVII	Ash yellows	Ca.P. fraxini	Griffiths et al. (1999)
16SrVIII	Loofah witches broom	Ca. P. luffae	Ho et al. (2001)
	Chinese olive witches’ broom disease	Olive witches’ broom phytoplasma	Ferreira et al. (2021)
16SrIX	Almond witches broom	Ca. P. phoenicium	Verdin et al. (2003)
16SrX	Apple proliferation, and Onion yellow	Ca.s P. mali and Candidatus P. asteris	Seemüller and Schneider 2004) Gross et al. (2011)
16SrXI	Rice yellow dwarf	Ca. P. oryzae	Jung et al. (2003)
	Sugarcane white leaf disease (SCWL)	SCWL phytoplasma	Ratchaseema et al. (2021); Shan et al. (2021)
16SrXII	Potato stoulbur, and grapevine yellow	Ca.P. solani and Ca.P. vitis	Quaglino et al. (2013) Bertaccini (2021)
16SrXIII	Mexican periwinkle virescence	Ca. P. hispanicum	Gundersen et al. (1994)
16SrXIV	Bermudagrass white leaf	Ca. P. cynodontis	Marcone et al. (2004)
16SrXV	Hibiscus witches broom	Candidatus P. Brasiliense	Montano et al. (2001)
16SrXVI	Sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome	Ca. P. graminis	Arocha et al. (2005)
16SrXVII	Papaya bunchy top	Ca. P. caricae	Lee et al. (2006)
16SrII-V	Citrus witches’ broom	Citrus maxima phytoplasma strains	Rastegar et al. (2021); Yu et al. (2022)
16SrIV-D	Palm lethal bronzing (LB)	Lethal bronzing phytoplasma	Oates et al. (2020); Soto et al. (2020)
16SrXXXVII	Stylosanthes little leaf	Ca. Phytoplasma stylosanthis	Rodrigues et al. (2021)
16SrXXXIX	Palm lethal wilt	Ca. Phytoplasma dypsidis	Jones et al. (2021)
16sr V-A	Florescence dorée	Florescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma	Debonneville et al. (2022)

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