Table 1 List of some identified effectors of V. dahliae and their brief descriptions
From: Role of Verticillium dahliae effectors in interaction with cotton plants
Name | Brief description | References |
|---|---|---|
VdEpg1 | Positive regulation of pathogen virulence by regulating V. dahliae growth and development | Liu et al. (2023) |
VdExg | Entering the plant during fungal infestation and be recognized by the host receptor cysteine protease GhRd21a, which in turn induces a systemic immune response in the plant | Su et al. (2024) |
VdEix3 | A ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX)-like protein | Yin et al. (2021) |
VdCut11 | The cutinase VdCut11 is an important secreted enzyme and virulence factor that elicits plant defense responses in the absence of VdCbm1 | Gui et al. (2018) |
VdPEL1 | A pectate lyase that exhibited pectin hydrolytic activity | Yang et al. (2018) |
VdXyn4 | Promotion of V. dahliae pathogenicity | Wang et al. (2021) |
VdSnf1 | Necessary for the virulence and expression of genes involved in cell wall degradation | Tzima et al. (2011) |
VdCp1 | Chitin-binding properties to protect fungal cell walls from enzymatic degradation | Zhang et al. (2017b) |
VdPda1 | Impaired host plant recognition of chitin oligosaccharides by deacetylation | Gao et al. (2019) |
VdSsep1 | Hydrolyze chitinase 28 | Han et al. (2019) |
VdPevd1 | Interacts with the osmolyte-like protein GhPR-5 and inhibits its antifungal activity | Zhang et al. (2019) |
VdAve1 | Exhibits antimicrobial activity | Snelders et al. (2020) |
VdAmp2 | Exerted bacteriostatic activity | Snelders et al. (2020) |
VdAmp3 | Specifically expressed to ward off fungal niche competitors during resting structure formation in senescing mesophyll tissues | Snelders et al. (2021) |
VdIsc1 | Disrupts the plant salicylic acid metabolic pathway | Liu et al. (2014) |
VdrsR-1 | Regulates the floral transition of the host plant and prolongs the host plant’s nutrient growth | Zhang et al. (2022a) |
VdAl | Protect MYB6 from degradation by interacting with PUB25 and PUB26 E3 ligases to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance | Ma et al. (2021) |
VdRtx1 VdCe11 | A secreted ribonuclease effector that localizes in the plant nucleus to modulate host immunity Contributes to virulence by promoting accumulation and activity of the aspartic protease GhAp1 from cotton | Yin et al. (2022) Li et al. (2023) |
VdScp7 | Localizes to the plant nucleus and modulates immunity to fungal infections | |
VdScp8 | SUMOylated VdEno is more targeted to the fungal nucleus, binds to the promoter of a secretory effector gene VdSCP8, and represses its expression | Wu et al. (2023) |
VdScp9 | A LysM domain-containing protein | Zhou et al. (2017) |
VdScp10 | Targeted deletion of VdScp10 decreased virulence of V. dahliae in cotton plants | Zhou et al. (2017) |
VdScp23 | Playing an important role in suppressing plant immune responses | Wang et al. (2023a) |
VdScp27 | In N. benthamiana resulted in cell death accompanied by a reactive oxygen species burst, callose deposition, and induction of defence genes | Wang et al. (2020) |
VdScp41 | Disrupt the functions of SARD1 and CBP60g, two central transcriptional regulators of plant immunity | Qin et al. (2018) |
VdScp76 | Secreted cysteine-rich small protein with CFEM domain | Wang et al. (2022) |
VdScp77 | Secreted cysteine-rich small protein with CFEM domain | Wang et al. (2022) |
VdScp113 | In N. benthamiana resulted in cell death accompanied by a reactive oxygen species burst, callose deposition, and induction of defence genes | Wang et al. (2020) |
VdScp126 | In N. benthamiana resulted in cell death accompanied by a reactive oxygen species burst, callose deposition, and induction of defence genes | Wang et al. (2020) |
VdPhb1 | Represses the activity of cysteine protease for helping V. dahliae infection in cotton | Song et al. (2024) |
VdSge1 | It is required for radial growth and production of asexual conidiospores | Santhanam and Thomma (2013) |
Vd424y | It is required for full virulence, targets the nucleus of plant cells and induces cell death | Liu et al. (2021) |
VdEg1 | As PAMPs indicative of host-dependent molecular functions | Gui et al. (2017) |
VdEg3 | As virulence factors indicative of host-dependent molecular functions | Gui et al. (2017) |
VdR3e | Causes cell death by triggering multiple defense responses | Tan et al. (2023) |
Vd2LysM | Effector proteins containing LysM domains | Tian et al. (2022) |
VdSsr1 | Suppresses the nuclear export of AGO1-miRNA complex to promote infection in plants | Zhu et al. (2022a) |
Vp2 | Recognized by the receptor in the plant membrane, triggers the cotton immune response and enhances disease resistance. | Qiu et al. (2024) |
VdGal4 | Modulates microsclerotium formation, conidial morphology, and germination to promote virulence in V. dahliae | Wen et al. (2023) |
VdHp1 | Negatively regulated the total virulence, colonization, and dispersal of V. dahliae | Zhang et al. (2022b) |