Fig. 2
From: Exploiting susceptibility genes in rice: from molecular mechanism to application
Susceptibility genes involved in negative regulation of plant immunity. a Examples of the S genes involved in hormone-mediated defenses. BSR-K1, OsSAH2, OsSAH3, OsS5H1, OsS5H2, OsS5H3, OsF3H03g, OsUGT74H4, PBI1, OsARF8, and NRRB suppress SA-mediated defenses. OsBZR1, OsGCNT, OsNINJA1, OsJAZ4, OsJAZ11, OsHd3a, GF14c, OsFD1, OsMED25, OsWRKY42, and OsWRKY72 suppress JA-mediated defenses. OsALDH2B1 suppresses both JA- and SA-mediated defenses. EDR1 suppresses JA- and SA-mediated defenses by activation of ethylene biosynthesis. OsGA20ox3 and OsGID1, involved in GA-mediated signaling, suppress the expression of defense-related genes. b Examples of the S genes encoding E3 ligases involved in disease susceptibility. The E3 ligases SPL11/ PUB13, OsPUB12, EBR1, and OsCUL3a inhibit immune responses through degrading the substrate proteins SPIN6, OsRLCK176, OsBAG4, and OsNPR1, respectively. ANIP1 negatively regulates resistance to fungal blast via promoting the degradation of OsWRKY62. c Examples of the S genes encoding protein kinases and phosphatases. OsCPK18, OsMAPK5, SPL36, OsMPK6, OsMPK15, OsCPK4, OsCPK12, PWL1, OsSPL26, RLK20, RLK21, and RLK22 are protein kinases. OsMKP1 is a phosphatase. d Examples of the S genes encoding transcription regulators. ONAC083, OsASR6, OsMYB102, OsMYB108, OsWRKY28, OsWRKY76, OsTGA5, OsNAC2, and BSR-D1 are transcription factors. OsVQ25 is a cofactor, inhibiting the activity of transcription factor OsWRKY53. HDT701, OsHDA701, HDA705, and OsSRT2 are involved in histone modifications. e Examples of microRNA genes involved in disease susceptibility. Arrows indicate positive regulation; the blunt-ended line indicates negative regulation. Created with BioRender (www. BioRender.com)