Fig. 2

Disease progress of grape downy mildew in a grapevine-hoary stock intercropping and monoculture systems in fields. a Disease index in 2020. b Disease index in 2021. c Instantaneous increase rate of disease index estimated using Logistic model in 2020. d Instantaneous increase rate of disease index estimated using Logistic model in 2021. Data are presented as the means ± standard errors (SEs)