Table 4 Analysis of deviance, natural logarithms of odds ratio and standard error of apple anthracnose severity (%), and likelihood ratio test on independent variables in the reduced regression model in Chencha district of Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia, during the 2021 and 2022 production years

Intercept

0

10,803

 < .0001

−21.510

0.2070

4.550E-10

Altitude

1

11.62

0.0007

 < 2700

0.2016

0.0591

1.2233

–

–

 ≥ 2700

0*

0

1.0000

Yield (t/ha)

3

39.69

 < .0001

 ≤ 15

0.644

0.1024

1.9057

50.25

 < .0001

15 – 20

0.479

0.0676

1.6164

0.12

0.7343

20 – 25

0.024

0.0720

1.0247

–

–

 > 25

0*

0

1.0000

Age of apple tree

3

5.77

0.0163

 ≤ 5 years

−0.447

0.1864

0.6390

0.06

0.8012

5 – 10 years

−0.020

0.0795

0.9801

1.73

0.1887

10 – 15 years

−0.070

0.0536

0.9320

–

–

 > 15 years

0*

0

1.0000

Cropping system

4

2.82

0.0929

Mono cropped

0.179

0.1068

1.1964

3.79

0.0111

Mixed with enset

0.187

0.1399

1.2057

1.03

0.3108

Mixed with horticulture

0.107

0.1059

1.1132

0.02

0.8953

Mixed with cereals

0.011

0.0873

1.0115

–

–

Mixed with legume

0*

0

1.0000

Years

1

6.59

0.0102

2021

−0.109

0.0427

0.8961

–

–

2022

0*

0

1.0000

Survey site

1

4.13

 < .0001

Farmers field

21.16

0.0

154810⁶

–

–

State farm

0*

0

1.0000

Relative humidity

1

6.96

0.0083

 < 90

−0.193

0.0733

0.8242

–

–

 ≥ 90

0*

0

1.0000

Disease status

2

522.24

 < .0001

High

−2.269

0.0993

0.1033

68.99

 < .0001

Medium

−0.5972

0.0719

0.5503

–

–

Low

0*

0

1.0000

Disease management

2

3.39

0.0237

Pruning + sanitation

−0.111

0.0942

0.8947

1.39

0.5108

Sanitation (no pruning)

−0.0467

0.0711

0.9543

–

–

No management

0*

0

1.0000

Weed management

2

4.29

0.0384

Good

0.157

0.0759

1.1702

3.25

0.0713

Intermediate

−0.1496

0.0829

0.8610

–

–

Poor

0*

0

1.0000